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AGRICULTURE, AGROCHEMICAL, FEED PRODUCTION, AGROECOLOGY

BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Maral Utebayev 1 , Svetlana Dashkevich 1 , Ruslan Zhilkybayev 1 , Tatyana Zhigula 1 , Oksana Kradeckaya 2 , Irina Chilimova 2

1 A.I. Baraev Scientific and Production Center for Grain Farming LLP; 2 LLP "Scientific Research Center named after A.I.Baraev"

doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/27 pp. 263-273 Admitted 02.10.2025 Published 30.12.2025

Abstract

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is a major crop for the production of pasta, noodles, bulgur, etc. The key traits determining grain quality include biochemical indicators (protein content, gluten, gluten index, vitreousness, etc.) as well as the pigment composition that defines the color of the final product. The aim of the study was to evaluate spring durum wheat varieties of diverse ecological and geographical origin and to identify the most valuable genotypes for use in breeding programs aimed at improving quality traits. Biochemical parameters of the grain were determined according to generally accepted standard methods, while carotenoid pigments were quantified spectrophotometrically (based on optical density) and colorimetrically using a Minolta CR-300 analyzer. Differences among varieties were established for biochemical indicators and pigment content. The test weight of grain ranged from 711 to 824 g/L, with an average of 791 g/L. A strong correlation (r = 0.81) was found between test weight and gluten content. Protein content ranged from 12.33% (Grekalle) to 16.74% (Svevo), with an average of 13.96%. The carotenoid pigment content varied from 0.218 mg/% (Slavuta) to 0.435 mg/% (Obelix), with an average of 0.312 mg/%. Based on the biochemical evaluation of the durum wheat collection, varieties were identified that can serve as donors for developing new hybrids and cultivars combining high quality parameters with improved nutritional properties.

durum wheat semolina grain quality carotenoids semolina color CIELAB (Lab*) RGB (Red, Green, Blue)

01 Introduction

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Citation Links

[1]2025. BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler. 4 (108) (Dec. 2025), 263–273. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/27.
(1)BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum Durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler 2025, No. 4 (108), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/27.
BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN. (2025). Izdenister Natigeler, 4 (108), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/27
BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 4 (108), p. 263–273, 2025. DOI: 10.37884/4-2025/27. Disponível em: https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1116. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum Durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN”. 2025. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (108) (December): 263-73. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/27.
“BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN” (2025) Izdenister natigeler, (4 (108), pp. 263–273. doi:10.37884/4-2025/27.
[1]“BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (108), pp. 263–273, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.37884/4-2025/27.
“BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum Durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (108), Dec. 2025, pp. 263-7, https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/27.
“BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum Durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (108) (December 30, 2025): 263–273. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1116.
1.BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(4 (108):263-7. Available from: https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1116
1.BIOCHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) GRAIN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler. 2025;(4 (108):263-273. doi:10.37884/4-2025/27