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AGRICULTURE, AGROCHEMICAL, FEED PRODUCTION, AGROECOLOGY

PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION

Zhenis Keishilov 1 , Alma Kokhmetova 2 , Yerlan Dutbaev 3 , Madina Kumarbayeva 2 , Fahim Şehzad Baloch 4

1 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan;; 2 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 3 Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 4 Çukurova University, Institute of Applied Science, Field Crops, Adana, Türkiye

doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09 pp. 83-92 Admitted 06.01.2026 Published 27.02.2026

Abstract

To improve wheat yield, it is crucial that varieties exhibit tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, as well as resistance to biotic threats, including leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). Leaf rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in Kazakhstan, causing yield losses of up to 40–60% during epidemic years, particularly in the northern and central regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytopathological assessment under natural field conditions to evaluate the resistance of 52 spring wheat lines cultivated in the Almaty region to leaf rust and drought stress.The phytopathological assessment revealed nine accessions exhibiting an immune reaction (IT-0) to leaf rust. These included the following genotypes: line 22 ChS, Lutescens 30, Lutescens KS 14/09-2, Lutescens 1300, Sibirskaya 21, OmGAU-100, Lutescens 3/04-21-11, Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya, Lutescens 443, and Silach. Based on biomass assessment, 38 accessions were selected with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.69. Two accessions, Novosibirskaya 41 and Erythrospermum 24841, were distinguished by early heading. Structural analysis identified seven accessions with greater plant height (75–85 cm). Spike length measurements showed that three accessions had spike lengths exceeding 10 cm. Seventeen accessions were characterized by a high number of spikelets per spike, contributing to the formation of large spikes. Based on the number of grains per main spike, 20 accessions showed average values, while 23 accessions exhibited a high grain number. Thirteen accessions demonstrated the highest grain weight per main spike, exceeding 1 g. The maximum thousand-kernel weight (42 g) was recorded in the wheat accession Stepnaya 245. Overall, the results indicate that under the conditions of the Almaty region, the majority of spring wheat accessions are susceptible to leaf rust. Therefore, the use of leaf rust-resistant accessions is recommended for wheat production.

spring wheat, field culture, abiotic stress, drought, biotic stress, phytopathology, leaf rust, NDVI, disease, resistance.

01 Introduction

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02 References

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Citation Links

[1]2026. PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler. 28, 1(109) (Feb. 2026), 83–92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
(1)PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler 2026, 28 (1(109), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. (2026). Izdenister Natigeler, 28(1(109), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09
PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 1(109), p. 83–92, 2026. DOI: 10.37884/1-2026/09. Disponível em: https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1171. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”. 2026. Izdenister Natigeler 28 (1(109): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION” (2026) Izdenister natigeler, 28(1(109), pp. 83–92. doi:10.37884/1-2026/09.
[1]“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”, Izdenister natigeler, vol. 28, no. 1(109), pp. 83–92, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.37884/1-2026/09.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”. Izdenister Natigeler, vol. 28, no. 1(109), Feb. 2026, pp. 83-92, https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”. Izdenister natigeler 28, no. 1(109) (February 27, 2026): 83–92. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1171.
1.PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 27 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];28(1(109):83-92. Available from: https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1171
1.PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler. 2026;28(1(109):83-92. doi:10.37884/1-2026/09