No. 2 (102) (2024): Research, results

The article presents the results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties of wool from meat-wool fine-wool sheep, obtained as part of the research carried out on the topic of grant funding: AR14870941. Scientific and production experiments were carried out on sheep of domestic (kazakh fine-wool, etti merino) and foreign (done and deutschemerinofleischschaff) breeds. The results of the study showed that the fat content in the wool of rams of domestic and foreign breeds is at an optimal level. The sweat/fat ratios for rams of the done breed were 0.72, deutschemerinofleischschaff - 0.97, kazakh fine-wool breed - 0.84, etti merino - 0.92.

The average parameters of wool strength, converted to breaking length (km) for stud rams and ewes of the kazakh fine-fleece and etti merino breeds are 9.23±0.11; 9.32±0.24 and 8.57±0.09; 8.95±0.13 km, which meets the requirements for the wool strength of fine-wool sheep. Stud rams and ewes of the Deutschemerinofleischschaff breed are characterized by high wool strength, the indicators, respectively, are 10.12 ± 0.05 and 9.37 ± 0.28 km, the variability of the trait in the former is within the range of 10.06-10.17, in the second - 7.87-10.22 km. Animals of the done breed showed high strength and length of wool, despite the special fineness of the wool of 70 and 80 qualities (18.7-20.5 microns). Thus, for rams the wool strength corresponded to 9.45±0.09 km, for ewes – 8.48±0.25 km. Sheep of the deutschemerinofleischschaff breed were distinguished by the highest fluctuations in wool length from 70 to 130 mm, and in 88.8% of ewes the wool length was above 100 mm.  

This article scientifically substantiates the role of mare's milk in a balanced diet and benefits for the human body. The mass fraction of proteins and fats, acidity, physico-chemical parameters of mare's milk by seasons were studied.

The purpose of this study was to observe the characteristics of mare's milk during lactation, to study its physico-chemical properties. The second purpose of the study was to study significant differences in milk modifications between two farms: in the Zhambul region of the farm "Sadygul" and in the Almaty region of the farm "Nurkanat".

In this research paper, we conducted a study of the physico-chemical properties of mare's milk during lactation. As a result, it was revealed that the chemical composition of milk is influenced by: breed, lactation stage, age, feeding level, season of the year and animal housing conditions. In addition to these factors, breed and genetics can change the composition of mare's milk, especially protein, fat and lactose levels.

Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the milk of mares of different ages at different stages of lactation. It was found that many factors affect the composition of milk and the concentration of the main organic and inorganic components of milk, which vary greatly during lactation.

This article presents the results of scientific research conducted to study the influence of the temperament of Kazakh white-headed bulls on feed consumption and feed conversion ratio.

The temperament of domestic animals is of great interest in scientific circles around the world. The world's leading scientists are engaged in research in this field, so the study of temperament and its influence on various indicators is relevant all over the world.

The consumption of dry matter from the most calm bulls to aggressive ones ranged from 5.33± 0.19 to 5.66± 0.21 kg. The consumption of dry matter of the most calm bulls (temperament 1) was at the level of 5.33±0.19 kg, which is 1.9% and 6.2% less compared to bulls with temperaments 2 and 4.

The conversion ratio of the feed of bulls with temperament 1 was 0.276±0.017, which is 13.41% more compared to bulls with temperament 4, in which this indicator is 0.227 ±0.04. The conversion ratio of bulls with moderate (temperament 2) temperament was 0.248± 0.014, and in excited bulls (temperament 3) this indicator was it is equal to 0.239±0.03.

Calm bulls with temperament 1 have the lowest feed conversion coefficient, and bulls with temperament 4 (aggressive) have the highest. For the former, this indicator is 4,259 ± 0.24, and for the latter 5,734 ± 0.29, the difference between them is 25.73% in favor of the latter. The conversion coefficient of bulls with temperament 2 was 4,536± 0.19, and in bulls with temperament 3 – 5,537± 0.36.

The prospect for the development of meat-fat sheep farming in the Republic of Kazakhstan is also the intensification of selection and breeding work to realize the potential genetic capabilities of fat-tailed sheep, taking into account the specificity of the food supply, feeding, maintenance of the reproductive composition of breeding sheep with a breeding accounting software package, biometric processing of research materials with the introduction of computer technology with maximum using functionality. The use of mobile points for artificial insemination of queens, the use of OCS and milk semen diluents, laser bioactivation provides the opportunity to achieve financial savings and increase the profitability of sheep farming by 26-42% compared to the traditional way of running the industry. The sheep bred in the herd of the Erzhan farm are characterized by high meat and fat productivity, early maturity and good adaptability to the natural, climatic and feeding conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. The average weight of rams from the selection group is 110–120 kg, wool shearing is 3.2–3.5 kg, and ewes are 73–76 and 2.2–2.4 kg, respectively. The average daily weight gain for rams during the period from birth to beating is 290–296 grams, for lambs 260–270 grams. When improving meat-fat fat-tailed coarse-wool sheep of the Erzhan farming enterprise, it is necessary, first of all, to take into account the live weight of the producers used when selecting rams for this trait: it should be higher than the live weight of the ewe by 1.4 - 1.6 times. (130 words bolu kerek)

The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of hormonal induction schemes for polyovulation in donor cattle for dairy production.

One of the most important stages of embryo transplantation technology is hormonal stimulation of superovulation of the ovaries of high-value donor cows, on which the yield of morphologically complete embryos directly depends. Superovulation is a necessary method for obtaining a large number of zygotes for embryo transplantation technology [1]. Traditional methods use follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which is administered to donor cattle twice daily for 3-4 days [2]. The superovulation scheme using a complex of hormonal drugs makes it possible to process donors without identifying the heat stage, while the period of hormonal stimulation of donor cows is reduced to 15 days [3].

During the research, the optimal variant of the scheme for hormonal induction of polyovulation in the reproductive cycles of donor cows was selected. Analysis of the results of superovulation showed that the number of ovulations per donor and the yield of full-fledged embryos were higher in animals treated according to schemes No. 1 and No. 2, including the use of the FSH drug and a complex of hormonal drugs - FSH, CIDR, progesterone, estradiol and prostaglandin Treatment of donor cows according to scheme No. 2, providing better fertility of cows after insemination, allows one to obtain a higher (8.3 ± 0.9) yield of full-fledged embryos suitable for transplantation and cryopreservation. The combined use of exogenous hormones in scheme No. 2 allows the treatment of donors without detecting the heat stage, while the time period for hormonal stimulation of donor cows is reduced (up to 15 days).

The article presents the main qualitative indicators of lamb meat, which include the ratio of bones and pure meat, the specific weight of the most valuable cuts, and the energy value of meat. The meat index of a carcass refers to the weight ratio of the pulp and bones. The greater the proportion of pulp in a carcass, the higher its nutritional value.

In the case of sheep with a pre-slaughter weight in the range of 35.0-39.0 kg, the carcass weight with a tail was found to be 18.06–20.47 kg, with a carcass yield of The percentage of tail weight was found to be 51.6-52.5%, with a tail weight of 2.4-3.2 kg. The slaughter weight was 18.27-20.70 kg, with a slaughter yield of 52.2-53.1%. It was found that all slaughter indicators increased with an increase in the pre-slaughter live weight of sheep. The mass of internal fat was found to be the most stable slaughter indicator, with a level in the carcass of 4-4.5-month-old sheep ranging from 0.20-0.23 g, with an output of 0.5-0.6%. The distribution of lambs obtained from both types of selection, according to slaughter and meat quality, followed approximately the same pattern as that observed when studying the dynamics of their live weight during the suckling and subsequent periods of development, including two months of feeding. It is recommended that the sale of over-repair young for meat be primarily conducted at 4-4.5 months of age, which coincides with the weaning of the young from their queens. The animals should have a live weight of at least 35 kg and above. The purposeful selection of parents by live weight enabled the slaughter performance of young animals to be enhanced and carcasses to be produced that met the requirements of standards for young mutton.

The normal growth and development of an apple tree plant requires certain conditions. This article examines the abiotic factors of apple tree development, such as air and soil temperature, precipitation and moisture availability for optimal passage of all phases of ontogenesis. It is proved that significant and effective indicators of the action of abiotic factors are temperature anomalies, risks of aridity of the air, which have a significant impact on the ecological situation of the agroecosystem. The results of these phenomena in research conditions were regulated by the studied water-saving techniques of IT- innovative technology.  When studying the indicators of abiotic factors, they were recorded automatically by high-tech IT technology equipment from sensors and satellites to identify the influence of environmental (abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic) factors in the life of fruit crops and apple trees.

The obtained results of ecosystem changes and the influence of abiotic factors in the development of apple trees revealed that the studied plants behave in full accordance with the established seasonal rhythm, depending on changes in air temperature and the emerging ecological features inherent in the state of the ecosystem, using innovative techniques and structured information obtained from sensors of IT technology.    

For optimal passage of all phases of ontogenesis during the growing season of the apple tree, with the use of effective information from sensors, a momentary solution is created to establish a more favorable ecological adaptation of the apple crop in case of risky climate change.

Tan spot – is one of the most harmful and widespread diseases in the southern and northern regions of Kazakhstan, where wheat is grown. To determine whether cultivars are resistant to the pathogen of tan spot or not, it is necessary to conduct constant phytopotological monitoring of wheat cultivars. The purpose of this work was to conduct phytopotological monitoring of winter and spring wheat cultivars sown on large sown areas in the regions of Almaty, Turkestan and Kostanay regions. The research was carried out in 2023 in the wheat fields of the Kostanay region, Karabalykskaya Agricultural Plant LLP and Turkestan region, Krasnovodopadskaya Agricultural Plant LLP and Almaty regions. The main phytopathological criteria for the resistance of cultivars to tan spot are: type of plant reaction (in points), degree of infection and spread of plants (in percentage); In the Almaty region, six cultivars of winter wheat resistant to the yellow spot pathogen have been identified (Kazakstanskaya 10 (sowing-1), Yarovaya Grani, Avstriskaya Grani, Grani, Kazakstanskaya 10 (sowing field-2) and Brazilskaya ozimaya). All studied winter wheat cultivars in the Turkestan region are moderately infected with tan spot; there are no disease-resistant cultivars. And during a survey of the sown areas of the Kostanay region, spring wheat cultivars Akhmet 150 and Kostanayskaya 15, resistant to yellow spot disease, were identified. As a result of the monitoring work on wheat production, it is recommended to use in the breeding program all wheat cultivars identified as resistant to tan spot in the southern and northern regions.

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of ecological and agricultural tourism as a factor in the sustainable development of rural areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Ecotourism is one of the fastest-growing types of tourism, and according to experts, it accounts for 10-20% of the global tourism market.

Tourism is currently gradually becoming a major industry and a rapidly developing sector of tourist services, and the development of ecotourism and agrotourism plays a significant role in this regard.The research paper presents an overview of scientific publications and statistical data on the development of tourism, as well as measures to implement the state program for the development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2025. It comprehensively discusses the importance of turning tourism into a highly profitable sector of the economy and its contribution to socio-economic development in the country.

Ecotourism, which is becoming increasingly influential as an effective tool for protecting nature and cultural and spiritual heritage, is also discussed in depth. Analyzing the priority issues of rural development, the authors consider the need to find ways to improve the living conditions of local residents and promote economic growth. Tourist and recreational resources essential for the development of eco-tourism and agriculture in rural areas have been identified and justified. Proposals for the development of these forms of tourism in various regions of the country have been formulated.

The production of cereal crops is a priority development area within the agricultural sector. Barley, which holds a significant position in the agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, serves as a key food and technical crop. This study is dedicated to assessing the main indicators of spring barley cultivars in the Kazakhstan and represents the first of its kind research in that conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the adaptability and productivity of 55 breeding samples in this region. Additionally, a phytosanitary examination of the seeds was conducted to obtain an effective seed treatment agent. The research utilized standards such as Saule, Symbat, and Arna, allowing for the identification of unique patterns, including data on the influence of climatic conditions on spike characteristics and grain quality. The structural analysis of the harvest covered elements of crop productivity, such as plant height, spike length, number of grains, weight of sheaf with root, weight of the plant without root, grain weight, number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds, among other parameters. The results demonstrate noticeable variability among the cultivars in terms of the number of grains and spike length. It is important to note that the variation in the weight of 1000 seeds and yield was minimal. These findings emphasize how varietal characteristics and cultivation conditions affect the productivity and yield characteristics of spring barley. The obtained results are significant for breeding and agricultural practices, providing a more precise insight into the potential of barley cultivars in this region and adding novelty to the understanding of the interaction between the genotype of spring barley and the environment.

At the present stage of the development of civilization, the rational use of natural resources is one of the main directions for solving problems of human activity and life support. The study and management of geomorphological processes is a necessary link in the complex of rational use of natural resources. Relief-forming and relief-transforming processes significantly affect human economic activity, determining the direction and nature of this activity. In the arid conditions of the Talas district of Zhambyl region, the processes of weathering, deflation, denudation and accumulation have a significant impact on the use of land resources in agriculture. The study area is geographically represented in the south by low-mountain landscapes, turning to the north into loamy-gravelly desert landscapes; in the central part - floodplain and terrace complexes of the Talas valley; in the northern part - landscapes of the Moyinkum sandy massif; a small part is occupied by local closed depressions - sores and salt lakes.

The issues of methodology for compiling various types of geomorphological maps are considered, their analogues using digital mapping technology are developed. The classification of the relief of the studied territory is given and the legend of the geomorphological map is compiled with the allocation of such taxa relief class, genesis, types and subtypes of relief with the development of a system of their symbols. These maps, compiled on a digital basis, are the pioneer of the first large-scale geomorphological maps of the administrative regions of Kazakhstan.

Leaf rust (fungal disease) of wheat is one of the most common pathogens of plant diseases in the northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan, where wheat is grown, and causes dangerous diseases of agricultural crops. One of the harmful fungi that causes rust is (Puccinia Recondita) and the pathogen that causes root rot disease (Bipolaris sorokiniana). The main biological factor limiting wheat production and preventing high yields is the lack of resistance of wheat cultivares to various diseases. To determine the resistance or susceptibility of spring soft wheat samples to pathogens of leaf rust and root rot, it is necessary to conduct their phytopathological assessment in the conditions of natural sown areas. The purpose of this work was to conduct a phytopathological assessment of 30 Kazakh and foreign samples of spring soft wheat to determine their resistance to diseases of leaf rust and root rot. We conducted research in 2023 on special experimental research fields at KazAgroInnovation LLP at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing. Four samples of spring soft wheat resistant to the leaf rust pathogen were identified (Liniya 1415m, Liniya 201m, № 322/к-30949 and №347/к-38532 Albidum 24). Ten accessions of spring soft wheat were also identified and found to be moderately resistant (Liniya 205m, №352/k-40599 Saratovskaya 29, Aktobe 39, Kazakstanskaya 10, Stepnaya 50, Stepnaya 2, Liniya R-1413m, №317/k-28117 Blansar, №318/k-28130 Smena and №353/k- 41218 Saratovskaya 28). The research results require a search for samples and cultivares of wheat resistant to pathogens (Puccinia Recondita) and (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and further research. 

When using a mixture containing potassium polyacrylate, vermicompost and sulfur-containing waste, the gel formation process is taken into account.

The aim of the work: to study the effect of polymer-mineral hydrogel consisting of potassium polyacrylate, organic fertilizer - vermicompost and seroperlite waste on the properties of serozem, plant growth and on their quality purity.

The kinetics of the swelling process of potassium polyacrylate has been studied and a decrease in the degree of swelling of the polymer in the presence of vermicompost and sulfur-perlite-containing waste has been established. According to the results of laboratory and field experiments, the stimulating activity of polymer-mineral gel on the growth and development of cucumber, green pepper and beet plants was revealed.

Results of a research show that gel-forming polymeric and mineral mix has repeated recurrence of swelling and drying, possesses high degree of susceptibility to influence of biological, atmospheric and soil factors, is ecologically clean and safe. Mix has ability to keep the water, various nutritious and other substances necessary for growth of plants in structure, and gradually enrages them in soil solution. As the research results showed, the use of hydrogel made it possible to increase the productivity of bell pepper, cucumber, beets by 21.3, 11.2, 34.6%, respectively. In addition, the content of nitrates in grown agricultural products is below regulatory indicators, which indicates their ecological purity.

Excessive and unbalanced use of pesticides necessary to protect agro-phytocenoses from pests leads to pollution of the natural environment. The use of destructible pesticides included in natural cycles of substances and therefore rapidly disappearing or being destroyed by biological agents, the rejection of non-destructible, not included in natural cycles and accumulating in food chains and biotopes, is the subject of research in the field of environmental safety.

The results of the analyses determined that for none of the 6 controlled pesticides in the year under study, the maximum permissible concentration was exceeded. Trace amounts of organochlorine pesticides 4,4-DDE were observed in the soils of agricultural lands. In all studied variants, it was 0.0001 mg/kg of soil.  The pesticides HCG α, β γ - isomers, 4,4-DDT, Aldrin were not found in the surveyed area of the plot per hectare 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16. These results show that the studied site was suitable for conducting research on ecological agriculture.

Thus, it is known that excessive and unbalanced use of pesticides previously used in fields for agricultural crops leads to pollution of the natural environment. The survey and conducted studies of a certain area of the agricultural production territory of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production for soil contamination with pesticide residues showed that in all the studied soil samples selected on the land plot, the maximum permissible concentration limit for the residual amount of pesticides was not detected.

In this article, the authors have developed and used soil morphogenetic indicators in the course conducted ground field work to determine saline and waterlogged soils in the steppe and forest steppe, zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan.  In Kazakhstan, there are no practical and scientific provisions for monitoring and managing saline and waterlogged soils based on digital technologies. This development makes it possible to determine the location of such lands depending on the location of soil and climatic zones.  And also, the development of a cartographic model of these soils with the determination of the degree of their salinity makes it possible to develop recommendations for their development (improvement) with the subsequent preservation of productive longevity.  The study of the current state of saline and waterlogged soils was carried out space through field work along routes covering the territories of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Kazakhstan. A database of saline and waterlogged soils of the steppe and forest-steppe, zones has been compiled, including the following indicators:  soil type and subtype, profile morphology, content of humus and nutrients, water-soluble salts, particle size distribution, absorbed bases, and cation exchange capacity.

The information system, developed using modern advances in GIS technologies, can be used to restore and improve saline and waterlogged lands.

Flat cutters of all modifications, which allow loosening of the arable layer while preserving stubble on the field surface and retaining soil moisture, protecting the soil from wind and water erosion, turn out huge "blocks" when processing dry dense soils in the zone of Western Kazakhstan, form a compacted sole at the bottom of the furrow and work in conditions of blocked cutting of the soil. These disadvantages complicate further surface tillage, interfere with the development of the root system of plants and the intensive absorption of water into the lower layers, and increase the traction resistance of the implement. Working hypothesis: the preservation and restoration of soil fertility is possible on the basis of optimizing the parameters of technical support for its processing processes, taking into account zonal features. The aim of the study is to find a design of a loosening paw that ensures maximum accumulation and preservation of soil moisture in the arable horizon and increases the fertility of unproductive soils. Based on computer modeling of the interaction of a plane-cutting paw with the soil, the design of a ripping paw with vertical knives has been developed taking into account the structure of the soil and a mathematical model for determining its traction resistance has been compiled. The effects of individual design parameters, physical and mechanical properties of the soil on the traction resistance of the ripper knives are revealed. To verify the theoretical results, a six-factor experiment was conducted and the results show the correctness of the hypotheses adopted when compiling a mathematical model of traction resistance based on computer modeling of the interaction of the working body with the soil and the reliability of the data obtained. 

The article presents the results of a study of the microflora of cattle manure and the use of its aqueous extract in various concentrations (0.1%; 1.0%; 2.5%; 5.0%; 7.5%; 10.0%) on growth and development of barley seedlings of the Tselinny variety 2005. When studying the number of microorganisms using the dilution method, it was found that composted manure was dominated by bacteria consuming mineral nitrogen (22.7 million/g CFU) and cellulose-degrading actinomycetes (16 thousand/g CFU). The following criteria were selected for assessing water extract from cattle manure for indicators of initial growth processes: germination energy, laboratory germination, biometry of barley seedlings. The use of aqueous extract of various concentrations of manure causes a stimulating effect on the growth processes of barley seeds at high concentrations of 5% and 7.5%, and an inhibitory effect when its concentration increases to 10%. Low concentrations did not enhance the growth performance of barley seeds. In accordance with the experiments, the optimal concentration of aqueous extract from manure for pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds turned out to be 5 and 7.5%, at which a positive effect on the growth of barley seedlings was noted. A positive effect of aqueous extract of manure on the root system was noted in doses from 1 to 7.5%.

Treatment of seeds with an aqueous extract of manure can be considered a promising technological method for improving the nutrition of barley plants for the formation of a future harvest.

Oilseed flax in all phases of development can be affected by pests: cruciferous fleas, flax thrips, linseed moth, caterpillars of alfalfa scooper, meadow moth and gamma scooper. Fleas are particularly dangerous to plants: both adult beetles and their larvae. Currently, a radical and effective method of protecting oilseed flax from pests is chemical, which includes both seed treatment with insecticides and vegetative plants. All tested pesticides for the inlay of oilseed flax seeds effectively protected seedlings and plants of this crop from cruciferous fleas. Seed treatment with Akiba mordant.S.K. (1.0 l/t) against pests of seedlings showed high biological efficiency, ensuring a preserved yield of 0.21 t/ha. The treatment of vegetative oilseed flax plants in the herringbone phase from cruciferous fleas with the insecticide Engio 247, S.K. at a consumption rate of 0.1–0.2 l / ha reduced the number of phytophages by 71.6–89.5% compared with the control and had a positive effect on the amount of stored harvest.

High-quality seeds are one of the important factors in the growth and development of melon plants. Characterization of seed quality was carried out according to the following indicators: weight of 1000 seeds, laboratory and field germination, length of the embryonic root and size of the cotyledon leaf. According to the results of the work, the highest weight of 1000 seeds was observed in the Muza variety - 69.3 - 72.3 g, and the lowest in the Taisiya variety - 40.9 -41.3 g, respectively, by zone. Laboratory analysis of seed germination revealed that the seeds of all studied varieties corresponded to the first category; it ranged from 98.7% to 100% depending on the variety in both zones. The assessment results show that early-ripening varieties of the European subspecies are more flexible and less demanding on growing conditions, while mid-ripening and mid-late varieties of the Central Asian subspecies are more demanding on soil and climatic conditions. In the conditions of the foothill zone, the development of the root system of these varieties showed lower results compared to the foothill-steppe zone. The varieties of the Central Asian subspecies Mayskaya and Muza were especially lagging behind in the development of the root system. At the end of the growing season, the number and size of the accounting parameters were: length of the tap root - 48.1 and 52.5 cm, number of lateral roots - 16.2 and 15.7 pieces and diameter of distribution of lateral roots - 140.3 and 142.2 cm, respectively.

Highbush blueberry occupies a worthy place among non-traditional crops, which can simultaneously be used for food and medicinal purposes. Thanks to the unique combination of taste and medicinal and prophylactic qualities of the fruit, it is becoming increasingly widespread in household plots and industrial horticulture in Kazakhstan. The article presents the results of an economic and biological assessment of 7 varieties of high blueberries in the conditions of the lower mountain zone of the Almaty region. The general condition, winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, development parameters of the vegetative part of the plant, the ability to form the first harvest at the age of three, and quality indicators of berries were studied. The selected varieties are of practical value for horticulture in Kazakhstan. All the studied blueberry varieties, high in their economic and biological characteristics, have a significant prospect for their cultivation in the conditions of the Almaty region, they formed high-quality fruits, which indicates the successful implementation of their adaptive potential in these conditions. The Duke variety showed the best adaptability indicators. Blueberry plants correspond to seasonal rhythms of development, form a harvest and fit into the growing season in the studied conditions. Winter hardiness and high taste are the main advantages when cultivating them in Kazakhstan.

This article presents a description of a new variety of spring rapeseed Ragnarr, created by breeders of A.I. Baraev Scientific and Production Center for Grain Farming LLP. The variety is intended to complement precocious varieties in the structure of crops of farms in Northern Kazakhstan in order to increase the yield of oilseeds, create an uninterrupted conveyor during harvesting. According to the economic and biological characteristics, the new variety of spring rapeseed surpasses the previously zoned variety-the standard Maikudyk. For the study period 2020-2022. the average yield of the new Ragnarr variety, in conditions of a humid background, amounted to 45.18 c /ha, in a favorable year 2021 to 55.76 c / ha, the standard variety Maikudyk, on average showed 30.65 c /ha. The main advantages of the new variety in comparison with the zoned varieties in the region of Northern Kazakhstan are high productivity, high protein and oil content. The oil content in the seeds, on average, is 48.82%, protein is 24.61%, and erucic acid is 0.0%. The variety is suitable for mechanized harvesting and has high green mass yield and hay yield per unit of production, which characterize the new variety as highly suitable for the country's feed production base. A distinctive feature of the new variety is the compactness of the bush and the high strength of the pods during maturation, the variety does not crumble under the influence of negative abiotic factors such as strong winds, heavy rain and hail. Due to the diversification of crop production in Kazakhstan, the new variety is able to complement the crop rotation structure of agricultural producers, representing a high-quality product.

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of different amounts of phosphorus fertilizers applied for different varieties of alfalfa on the total supply of nitrogen and the chemical composition of alfalfa varieties at the station of the department of “Forage and oilseeds” of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing of the Karasai district of the Almaty region on irrigated light -chestnut soil. Organic residues from the alfalfa crop contribute to the accumulation of total nitrogen in the soil. For example, it can be observed that the difference in total nitrogen in the 0-20 cm layer of the control variant of the NS Alpha variety in light black-brown soil increased by 0.004%, and in the 20-40 cm layer - by 0.007%. layer cm. It was found that for the Banat BC variety this indicator increased by 0.003 and 0.008%, for the Nera variety by 0.001 and 0.010%, and for the Kokorai variety by 0.003 and 0.005%. It can be seen that the amount of total nitrogen in the soil increased significantly in the fertilized variants of all varieties as the amount of phosphorus fertilizers increased compared to the control variant.

Depending on the experiment, alfalfa hay had a high nitrogen and potassium content, and the phosphorus content was 4-9 times lower. It has been observed that the amount of nutrients in alfalfa crops is higher when phosphorus fertilizers are used. Of course, first of all, the amount of phosphorus increased. Its size increased from 0.37 to 0.61%. The application of phosphorus fertilizers not only increased the amount of phosphorus, but also significantly increased the amount of nitrogen in the plant. However, there was no significant effect on the increase in the amount of potassium in the plant.

Walnut blight is a harmful disease that affects nut crops. It is caused by the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans and has become widespread in recent years, posing a serious threat to walnut plantations. The disease not only destroys more than half of the crop, but also causes bark cracking and slow crown desiccation, which can lead to further infections. One of the most important requirements for modern varieties of agricultural plants, including nut crops, is an increased level of resistance to diseases.

In Kazakhstan, there is currently no data on the spread of diseases of nut crops and resistance of varieties to harmful diseases. This makes it difficult to recommend a suitable variety for industrial and private nut orchards. Ipmroving the breeding process and increasing the productivity of walnut plantations, it is extremely relevant to assess the resistance of varieties to the most dangerous pathogens.

For the first time in Kazakhstan, a two-year monitoring study was conducted to assess the resistance of promising walnut varieties and forms to the Pantoea agglomerans, taking into account the prevailing weather and climatic conditions. The study was carried out on 23 varieties and forms in the main fruit-growing regions of the country.

It was found that the walnut blight caused by the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans annually damages walnut plants, and the degree of disease damage depends on the prevailing weather and climatic conditions.

The research results revealed that the Moldavian variety - Kazaku showed high resistance to walnut blight. Other resistant varieties are Miroslava, Ovidiu, Germisara, Yarivski, Peshanski, Kogylnichanu, 185, Lipin 2, Liaohe, Fernor, Plin, and Kishinevski. These varieties showed minimal damage, not exceeding 2 points, during the years of observation.

These varieties are recommended as suitable varieties for increasing the productivity of industrial and private nut orchards and improving the breeding process.

Due to the expansion of acreage under rapeseed and the violation of its production technology, the phytosanitary condition of crops is deteriorating, problems with growing cabbage crops are becoming more acute due to the constant increase in the colonization of plants of this species by pests - cabbage moth. Currently, a radical and effective method of protecting spring rapeseed from pests is chemical, which includes the treatment of vegetative plants. To identify the most effective insecticides in the fight against cabbage moth, four drugs from various chemical classes approved for use in the Republic of Kazakhstan were tested. The biological effectiveness of the systemic drug Dimiprid, 70% V.D.G. ranged from 88.1 to 93.5% on the days of registration, contact-intestinal action Decis Expert, K.E. – 96.6–86.1%, organophosphorus drug of contact action Danadim Expert, K.E. – 93.7–84.0% and systemic contact action Borey Neo, S.k. it showed efficiency at the level of 96.6–88.1% compared with the control and had a positive effect on the amount of stored harvest.

The rate of passage of the phases of development of the cabbage moth was studied, largely determined by the temperature regime that develops in May-August. A certain pattern has been established in the conjugation of the development of the pest and the forage plant. The data of phenological observations indicate that the critical period in the development of the forage plant and phytophagus is the phase from the forming rosette to budding, since it is at this time that the caterpillars are most harmful.

Every year, breeders create a large number of varieties of lettuce of different types. Thus, currently the State Register of Breeding Achievements includes 332 varieties of lettuce of domestic and foreign selection. Selection and seed production of lettuce in Kazakhstan is carried out in regions more southern than the Almaty region, however, the climatic conditions in the region are specific.

Growing lettuce allows you to obtain early spring vitamin products, both for sale and for your own use. Protected soil in Kazakhstan is undergoing significant changes and, in conditions of high risks of economic activity, is beginning to develop as a dynamic and competitive branch of agriculture, which is important for the year-round supply of the population with fresh and vitamin-rich vegetables and green crops. Providing the population and the processing industry with fresh products is one of the most important tasks of vegetable growing in our country. Growing green leafy crops from soil using low-volume technology, film greenhouses appeared. The Almaty region is characterized by an increase in daylight hours and a sharp decrease in air temperature and frosts in the spring, which are brought by eastern and northern winds, as well as low night temperatures and large amounts of precipitation in the fall. The work of both domestic and foreign scientists is devoted to the study of lettuce. According to available data, it is known that the yield and biochemical composition of lettuce vary depending on the type and variety, agroclimatic conditions during the growing period, and planting patterns. 

In this work, studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of strengthening the structure of degraded soil using an EICP (Enzymatic Induced Calcite Precipitation) solution, that is, the method of enzymatically induced precipitation of calcium carbonate. In agriculture, it was used to strengthen sand in the desert zone. Sandstorms are among the natural disasters in the world, and it is important to provide an effective and environmentally friendly way to combat land desertification. The biogeotechnical method is based on the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) by catalytic hydrolysis of urea using the urease enzyme. The solution contains 1M urea, 0.78M calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and the enzyme urease with a concentration of 4 g/l.As a result of treatment with this solution, crystals were formed connecting sand particles to each other, during the formation of carbonate deposition, soil permeability decreases, ensuring the strength properties of the soil. However, this is costly due to the need for a large amount of the urease enzyme used to make the solution created based on the method. The enzyme alone accounts for more than 95% of the cost of preparing the solution. Therefore, in order to further improve the research work, it is necessary to find a natural material that replaces the enzyme urease. The presence of ecological compatibility of herbaceous plant seeds and enzyme treatment methods has shown the effectiveness of reducing desertification. 

Introduction of a new culture for Kazakhstan - kale cabbage, identification and assessment of the best varieties, study of growing methods in various conditions (open and protected soil), will contribute to the diversification of vegetable growing in the country, expanding the species composition of vegetable crops. At the same time, the population will have the opportunity to receive vitamin products year-round. In the state register of breeding achievements recommended for use in the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is no registration not only of varieties, hybrids of kale leaf cabbage, but also as a crop in general. Therefore, the study and recommendation of this culture is of great importance for the country's agro-industrial complex.

The best indicators in terms of growth factors and productivity were observed using NFT technology compared to aquaponics both for the first month of vegetation and for the entire cultivation period: in terms of stem height - 136.4-165.1%; by the number of leaves - 123.3-181.6%; by average sheet area - 245.6-278.3%, by productivity from 195.3 to 461.58%. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that sheet products obtained on aquaponics are environmentally friendly and do not contain nitrates, and its cost is much lower than according to NFT technology, where mineral fertilizers were used.

The data presented in the article are part of the research carried out as part of a doctoral dissertation, the purpose of which is to study a new culture for Kazakhstan - kale cabbage, identify the most productive hybrids for various methods of growing both in open and protected ground, the possibility of creating a green conveyor for year-round provision of the population with fresh vitamin products.

The quality indicators of the water used for irrigation must be taken into account without fail in order to obtain high-quality planting material. The most important indicators are the acidity and electrical conductivity of water, which can be easily controlled in the field. This study is devoted to the influence of the qualitative composition of water used for irrigation of legumes and cereals. The article presents the results of observation of the quality of irrigated water having various chemical and biological parameters.

For irrigation purposes in specific soil and climatic conditions, water of a certain quality is required. For the normal growth and development of crops, in addition to the basic nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, substances are needed that are biochemical catalysts that promote the digestibility of basic nutrients, the production of biomass and the formation of a crop. Such trace elements are zinc, copper, manganese, iron, and cadmium. Their content in irrigation water should be in acceptable quantities.

From an agronomic point of view, there are 3 important parameters of water quality: hardness (limescale), purity and pH.

The article presents the results of research for 2022-2023 on the relationship of yield with the elements of structure and grain quality of winter wheat varieties. The yield of the variety depends not only on economically valuable characteristics but also on the elements of the yield structure, productive stems, the number of grains in the spike, the weight of grain in the spike, and the weight of 1000 grains. The yield level of the varieties depends on the combination of these yield elements. They can be used as a selection condition to increase the yield of winter wheat.

Statistically significant differences were revealed between the yield and the number of grains per spike, the weight of grain per spike, the length of the main spike, and the weight of 1000 grains. The elements that determine yield have a very complex correlation both with each other and with grain yield. Over the years of the study, a high positive correlation was observed between yield and the following structural elements: the number of grains per spike (r = 0.8), the weight of grain per spike (r = 0.8), the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.9) and the length of the spike (r = 0.6).

In addition, when growing winter wheat in relatively favorable weather in 2022, the structural elements of yield showed high results, due to the effects of drought in 2023, these indicators were significantly lower. Therefore, it can be concluded that atmospheric drought and lack of moisture in the soil have a negative impact on productivity and indicators of its structural elements.

This article provides data on the intensive use of irrigated lands in the south-east of Kazakhstan by sowing intermediate crops.

Scientific research on the rational use of irrigated arable land was carried out at the experimental production hospital of the scientific and production educational center of Bayserke-Agro LLP on light chestnut soils. It has been established that currently farmers and peasant farms of the Republic do not intensively use irrigated land during the warm season. The field of harvesting winter and early harvested spring crops irrigated lands are empty until late autumn, irrigation water and solar active radiation are wasted. In this regard, we have conducted research on the cultivation of peas as an intermediate crop after harvesting winter wheat. Based on the conducted scientific research on the cultivation of peas during intermediate sowing, it was shown that after harvesting winter wheat, peas as an intermediate crop ripen to grain and contribute to obtaining a second harvest from the same field. If all the agrotechnological work recommended by us in this article is followed, the yield of pea grain can be increased to 22.6 c/ha, whereas when cultivating peas in production conditions, only 19.4 c/ ha was obtained. Economic calculations have shown that by cultivating peas as an intermediate crop after winter wheat, it is possible to receive additional profit from one hectare of 154,800 tenge.

The article provides data on a comparative assessment of the dust-holding capacity of hawthorn in 3 ecological and climatic areas: ecological and climatic region No. 1 - Semey, studied inside residential areas and plantings along the roads of the central part of the city; ecological and climatic region No. 2 - Almaty, studied inside residential areas and plantings along the roads of the central part of the city; ecological and climatic region No. 3 – standard hawthorn plantings, which in our case act as a control region. The studied hawthorns grow on the same leveled ecological background in the arboretum of the Issyk State Dendrological Park, located in the foothill zone 50 km from Almaty.

Meteorological factors can have a significant impact on particles deposited on the leaf blades of woody plants. The soil and climatic conditions of Almaty and Semey contribute to the weak occurrence of dust storms, which affects the amount of suspended particles. The maximum number of days with dust storms is observed in the dry summer months in all three ecological and climatic regions. In this case, the prevailing wind speed is 6-9 m/s, with a short-term increase of up to 15-17 m/s observed.

The least amount of precipitation occurs in the third ecological-climatic region – the reference area. The maximum amount of precipitation for region No. 3 - precipitation in this area is no less than in the zone of sufficient moisture, but its peculiar distribution and the high temperature background of the warm period create arid conditions; significant precipitation often falls in liquid form during the day hours (74%).

The article considers the issues of the influence of drip irrigation technology on the main indicators of growth, development and productivity of corn crops for grain, depending on the irrigation regime, the study of the influence of soil moisture levels in various phenological phases of development on corn productivity for grain, the development of elements of corn irrigation regimes for grain, taking into account the characteristics of plant water consumption the main phases of development and the depth of the moistened soil layer in combination with the phases of crop development.

Irrigated agriculture is one of the main factors in ensuring the stability of agricultural production and food security throughout the world. The development of irrigation contributes to obtaining guaranteed production volumes and reducing economic risks.

Obtaining a guaranteed stable crop yield in the soil and climatic conditions of southern Kazakhstan is complicated by insufficient provision of atmospheric precipitation in the region during the growing season.

Therefore, an urgent issue is the introduction of water-saving irrigation technology, which will significantly reduce irrigation water costs and prevent erosion of the fertile soil layer, as well as increase crop yields.

The aim of the research was to establish the influence of different levels of soil moisture maintenance on corn grain yield, taking into account the phases of crop development.

The task was to establish the regularity of water consumption and the formation of the water regime of the soil by corn crops for grain under drip irrigation in different moisture years, to study the technology of drip irrigation in the cultivation of corn for grain.

This article examines the issues of pollution of the Ertis River basin by the large tributary Ulba, which receives discharges of normatively clean and normatively treated wastewater from industrial enterprises in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.

The Ertis River is one of the largest rivers in Kazakhstan and is a transboundary watercourse. It originates from the glacial zone on the southwestern slopes of the Mongolian Altai in China, crosses the territory of Kazakhstan and flows into the Ob River in Russia. The total length of the Irtysh is 4280 km, of which 618 km belongs to China, 1698 km to Kazakhstan, 1964 km to Russia [1, p. 21].

The deterioration of water quality in the Ertis River is due to the influence of anthropogenic factors, one of which is the activities of a large number of enterprises from various industries located in the river basin.

The influence of anthropogenic loads from enterprises on water quality was determined by the indicator of harmful impact.

The literature review was based on the methodology for determining the anthropogenic load on water bodies. An assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on the Ulba River in terms of pollutants was carried out. The calculation was carried out for different enterprises. The main polluting substances have been identified and differentiated and integral loads have been determined based on them.

Based on the results of research and calculations, it has been established that the main danger of pollution of the Ertis River is associated not with natural, but with anthropogenic substances that come from the catchment areas of the Ulba River.

Permanent landscape fires contribute to changes in the species composition of vegetation, the activation of erosive processes and destroy animals and their habitats. For these reasons, it is very important to study the fire regime of natural steppes. The paper shows the dynamics of burning of Steppe lands in the Terekti  District of the West Kazakhstan region for the period from 2016 to 2023. Expert decryption based on data from the research area over a given period of time was made using Sentinel 2 space images. In total, 87,424 hectares of burning were detected. Most of the area was covered by the fire of very large fires, each of which was more than several thousand hectares, and the area of the largest fires exceeded 30 thousand hectares. Most of all burned areas have been repeatedly burned. After 2020, the flammability of the territory has significantly decreased, which is primarily associated with an increase in livestock, and in the second-with a deterioration in hydrothermal conditions. In dry conditions, weather affects the fire regime not as a factor in the spread of fire, but as a factor in the accumulation of a sufficient amount of combustible material. Therefore, a decrease in precipitation, an increase in temperature and pasture loads contribute to a decrease in the number and areas of fires due to a decrease in plant mass reserves.

A distinctive feature of the study is the identification of ways to increase efficiency in ensuring rational agricultural production through the use of vast land resources of the Almaty region. This helps to form an integrated understanding of the economic and environmental aspects of the use of land resources. The article considered the ecological and economic state of the efficiency of the use of land resources in the Almaty region, as well as proposed ways to increase it based on the preservation of scientifically based approaches to rational agricultural production of crop production and livestock products.

The purpose of this study is to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of broad land management strategies in the Almaty region. Its main feature lies in the formation of the integration of environmentally and economically sustainable and effective ways of land use.

As part of the study, the current state of land use in the agro-industrial complex of the Almaty region was analyzed, and new scientifically based approaches were proposed aimed at increasing the production of crop production and livestock products. These proposals are aimed at the efficient use of land resources and ensuring the economic and environmental sustainability of the agricultural sector.

The main conclusions reinforce the need to improve the efficiency of land use and indicate that actions in this direction will have a positive impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex. The study, based on the experience of this region, can be used in the development of effective land use strategies that can also be useful for other regions of Kazakhstan.

The article describes the work on the conditions of irrigated meadow-gray soils of the Andijan region, the conduct of subsurface irrigation of cotton varieties Andijan-35 and Andijan-36 was studied. In this method, depending on irrigation schemes and sowing of cotton varieties, the volume mass of meadow-gray soils at the beginning of the growing season in the arable (0-30 cm) layer was 1.27 g/cm³, at the end of the growing season with furrow irrigation it was 1.33 g/cm³ or this indicator increased by 0.06 g/cm³, and with subsurface irrigation amounted to 1.28 g/cm³ or increased by 0.01 g/cm³. The water permeability of the soil at the beginning of the growing season was 927.0 m³/ha, and at the end of the growing season. With furrow irrigation, it amounted to 825.7 m³/ha or decreased by 101.3 m³/ha, with subsurface irrigation it amounted to 906.6 m³/ha or decreased by 21.4 m³/ha compared with the beginning of the growing season, with the furrow irrigation method of cotton varieties Andijan-35 and Andijan-36, 4 irrigations were carried out, scheme 1-2-1, irrigation rate of 4870-4900 m³/ha, 35 irrigations were carried out with subsurface irrigation, scheme 6-19-10, irrigation rate of 2208-2304 m³/ha, where water savings compared to furrow irrigation amounted to 2566-2692 m³/ha or 52.7-54.9 % and an additional crop was obtained from the Andijan variety-35 16,9-17,3 c/ha, a from the Andijan variety-36 14,2-14,4 c/ha, with an increase in the level of profitability by 19.3-20.4 %. Cultivation of Andijan-36 cotton with a row spacing of 60 and 90 cm with furrow irrigation, the irrigation rate was 4864-4974 m³/ha, the yield of raw cotton was 31.2-32.0 c/ha, with subsurface irrigation, the irrigation rate was 2450-2577 m³/ha, and the yield of raw cotton was 46.8-48.0 c/ha or an additional yield of 15.5-16.0 c/ha was obtained compared to furrow irrigation.

The article provides information on damage to the Sievers apple tree by roseate leafworm in the territory of the Iley and Zhetysu Alatau. Based on the results of the work, maps of the distribution and influence of the roseate leafworm  Archips rosana L. have been developed on the territory of the Ile-Alatau and Zhongar-Alatau GNPP. It is worth noting the need to study the distribution and influence of the roseate leafworm Archips rosana L., since this species causes significant harm to the Sivers apple tree in these territories. The main purpose of the study is to identify the degree of damage to the roseate leaf worm Archips rosana L. to apply a timely control measure against this pest of the Sievers apple tree. In the Iley Alatau, namely, in the Aksai and Talgar branches, there is a stronger damage rate than in the branches of the Zhetysu Alatau. It was revealed that the roseate leafworm has a strong degree of harmfulness in the Aksai forestry of the Aksai branch, the Soldatsai forestry of the Talgar branch and the Issyk forestry of the Turgen branch, however, its harmfulness in the genetic reserve "Kuznetsovo Gorge" of the Turgen branch is noticeably lower. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that over the past few decades the range of this species has significantly decreased, this is explained by state and economic needs, genetic and environmental pollution of wild populations, as well as the development of dangerous pests around the area.

The most affordable type of water supply, which does not require high costs, are land-based water supply sources - natural and artificial, most of which can use the kinetic energy of moving water as an energy source to power alternative pumping units operating using energy-saving and environmentally friendly water lift technology, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of mechanization of water supply for household and household needs of agricultural the consumer.

The methodology of developing the theoretical foundations for the hydraulic ram method of water lifting from watercourses is presented, on the basis of which the results of theoretical studies on the technological process of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit for watering pastures and irrigation of land plots are given,  developed at the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University when performing research on applied research and the IRN-DP21682075 project "Pumping units for lifting water from watercourses powered by water energy" through the Joint-Stock Company "Science Foundation" of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant agreement for the commercialization of scientific results and (or) scientific and technical activities No. 102 dated 11/10/2023).

Theoretical formulas are given for determining the main technological and technical parameters of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit: pressure, supply, power consumption and efficiency and internal diameters of the through holes of the receiving part, the supply pipeline, the discharge valve, the shock valve and the water lifting pipeline.

The article provides methods for determining the areas and accuracy of measuring the total and individual parts of the earth's surface, depending on the task, purpose, shape, location and planning and cartographic materials. Any measurement method is not free from errors that affect the final results and requires their investigation. To solve many engineering calculations on the map and plan, graphical, analytical and mechanical methods for determining areas are used. Depending on the chosen method for determining the areas of the measurement elements and their accuracy.

The amount of land use is determined by the production capacity and specialization of the farm. The designed size should be efficient. As already noted, the area and composition of land ownership and land use directly depend on production and the profession of the farm. For example, find the land use area that meets their requirements in accordance with the latter. In other words, it should be rational (rational) – an agricultural institution (partnership or other agricultural formation) located on it is convenient to manage (without spending too much money on distance), providing the necessary areas and field ratios for the successful development of all sectors of the economy.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the qualitative state of land resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The document considers the current state of use of land resources in the Republic and factors affecting their qualitative state. The authors present the results of the study based on the analysis of data on the quality of land resources, and also identify problems caused by degradation and pollution of land resources. The article discusses the current strategies and programs developed by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan to improve the quality of land resources and provides recommendations for further improvement of Land Management based on the principles of sustainable land use. The article provides for an in-depth analysis of the qualitative state of land resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan, consideration of various aspects such as the laws of disposal, influencing factors and, as a result, emerging problems, including degradation and pollution. By carefully examining the available data, the authors highlight pressing issues related to land quality and emphasize the need for strategic intervention. In addition, the article evaluates existing government initiatives aimed at improving the quality of land resources and presents recommendations based on the principles of Permanent Land Management. This article is an important source of information for specialists in the field of Land Management, ecology, agriculture, sustainable development, as well as for decision-making in the field of Environmental Protection and resource protection.

Conducting open-pit mining in Kazakhstan leads to significant violations of land fertility. As a result, the quality of the natural environment and the sanitary and hygienic condition of the region are deteriorating on these lands.

In practice, the restoration of disturbed lands and their introduction into economic circulation requires a long time and large financial investments. Therefore, mining enterprises are faced with the task of carrying out reclamation work in a timely manner, which requires the development and adoption of a set of measures for their reconstruction.

In the case of open-pit mining of solid mineral deposits and their intensive use for the needs of the country is considered economically effective. However, the impact of the consequences of subsoil development on the environment and on the health of people living near this area requires the

development of scientifically sound measures for the effective restoration of these disturbed lands.

A powerful raw material base of phosphorite deposits is concentrated in the Sarysu district of Zhambyl region. Open-pit mining of phosphorites has a strong anthropogenic impact on the ecological environment: the atmosphere, water and land resources, subsoil, flora and fauna. In the republic, according to legislative acts, mining enterprises must comply with all established requirements for the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. Today, emissions control is carried out by Kazhydromet of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

It should be noted that socio-economic conditions in practice dictate the need to develop deposits, form production methods, but it is necessary to restore these disturbed lands.

The article presents the results of scientific research on the restoration of disturbed lands on the example of experimental recultivated site No. 2 at the Kokjon deposit in the Sarysu district of the Zhambyl region.

One of the topical issues highlighted in the Address of the Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev «the economic benchmark of a fair Kazakhstan» is the development of the country's water sector. It was a very right step to create our own Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in this industry, which is important for the country and for the state.

Water is a limited resource, and reducing its volume poses a threat to the national security of the state. The Message of the Head of State reads: «it is very important to use inland water resources carefully. Water-saving technologies are being implemented very slowly. In agriculture, where water is consumed the most in some regions of the country, 40 percent of it is wasted. 60 percent of water management facilities are worn out... First of all, it is necessary to accelerate the introduction of advanced water-saving technology and annually expand the area of its application to 150 thousand hectares... The introduction of water-saving technologies is an important and urgent task. Those who spend water in excess of the standard must pay for it at a higher rate. In short, we need to save water as much as possible», he said.

The land resource of any country is its national wealth. Land is the main place among the necessary material conditions in the life of society as a whole, it performs important functions in all spheres of economic activity. The cadastral value of land plots is of great importance for the cities of the republic. The cadastral (assessment) value is the calculation value of the land plot, which is determined on the basis of the basic rates of payment for land plots and their adjustment coefficients, which are used when the state sells a plot of land or the right to lease it, which is updated step by step in accordance with official statistical information on the general level of inflation [1].

Talgar city is the center of Talgar district of Almaty region. Distance from Almaty city: 25 km; distance from the regional center Konaev: 83 km [2, 3].

Today, the need for land valuation is growing due to changes in land relations and the possibility of buying and selling land and land use rights.

Economic assessment of land based on the organization of efficient use of agricultural land is part of the general state land cadastre. Since the quality of land plots is different, the same amount of labor spent on each of them gives different production results. This situation has an impact on the indicators of agricultural work in production. Therefore, land should be evaluated according to its production capacity, like any other production structure [4].

Based on the main questions considered in the article, it was shown individually how the cadastral assessment of all land in Talgar district is implemented and what goals and tasks it includes. 

        The article is aimed at studying the mechanisms of a scientifically based approach to planning settlements for the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan using new technologies for the rational use of land resources, as well as analyzing and determining its content and methods.                      

       The management of local executive bodies, as well as organizations and enterprises of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the Almaty region, scientifically based planning of settlements (rural districts, cities, villages, etc.), the formation of architectural and planning objects and spatial organization, landscaping and landscaping of settlements, transport systems and engineering equipment, you can use the details.

     The recommendations presented in the process of scientific research on the territorial planning of settlements in the Republic of Kazakhstan can be applied in practical land management activities, in particular, for the development of territorial planning schemes for rural settlements.                       

      The inclusion of the proposals indicated in the article in land management practice will allow for a more complete and objective assessment of the identified and existing territorial reserves for improving the arrangement and organization of the territory of promising settlements during land management works. 

       The creation of digital maps on the methodological basis of the effective use of the lands of settlements has been studied by studying the rational use of the lands of settlements using a new methodology, converting agricultural maps into digital format.

This article addresses the zoning of the city of Shu into distinct areas, establishes the boundaries of appraisal zones and the base rates for land plot payments, and creates a zoning scheme for the lands of Shu city. Land division within settlements is carried out with the aim of determining the boundaries of appraisal zones and correcting coefficients for the base payment rates of land plots. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, zoning activities are not conducted on a regular basis. Consequently, land users and owners are annually subjected to either excessive or insufficient land payments. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out zoning activities every five years in accordance with market conditions.

The objective of the zoning activities is to determine the corrective coefficients for the base payment rates for the cadastral valuation of land plots in populated areas.

Tasks of land zoning include:

- Identifying calculation blocks within settlements;

- Clarifying the boundaries of zones at intersections of calculation blocks;

- Calculating corrective coefficients for the base payment rates for each calculation block;

- Assigning numbers to zones;

- Determining corrective coefficients for the base payment rates for land plots by zone;

- Creating a zoning scheme of the settlement area for the purpose of cadastral valuation of lands;

- Developing a project for dividing the land of the settlement into zones.

 Furthermore, the use of corrective coefficients for the base payment rates for land allows for the consideration of various local characteristics—from engineering and geological conditions to the accessibility of public and infrastructural facilities. This ensures more accurate and fair taxation, which is crucial for open and effective management of land resources.

In order to determine the effect of corn stalks on combine blades, an experimental analysis was carried out under farm conditions. First, kummais was collected by cutting fresh corn from its growing area. The harvested corn stalks were analyzed for weight and length and accurate measurements were taken. Experimental work was carried out with a device for measuring the cutting ability of corn cobs according to established sizes. Its cutting force is determined using a device such as a cutting knife mounted on an iron shaft. That is, here we define the force F1 by the force F2. Uniformity is determined by calculating per 1 m2 of alfalfa, previously prepared for drying. Analysis of crushed mass without a counter-cutting row when harvesting dry alfalfa. We calculate the percentage of each amount received using the ratio and enter the result in the table. When the combine is idling, its rotation mechanisms are checked. They ensured that the mowing and cutting rotors rotate at the specified frequency and without touching other parts of the machine. At the same time, the operation of the combine was checked during the selection of artificial grass cutting in the territory of the center. Experimental studies on dry alfalfa were carried out on the farm in 3 replicates for each oncoming blade. The results of each analysis were tabulated. Using the same table, a graph was constructed showing the efficiency of particle size crushing depending on the number of counter bits.

Some physical and mechanical properties of leguminous crops (mung beans) and their seeds are important for harvesting and cleaning. Identification experiments were carried out according to well-known methods on mung bean varieties Turon, Durdona, Kahrabo and Joy, grown in large quantities at the present time, and during the experiments the amount of the fraction in the mung bean, as well as other impurities, was determined. At the same time, the length, width and thickness of the seed were determined. . The amount of clean seeds in seed mixtures is 85-86%, broken and loose seeds - about 2%, other mixtures - 12-14%. Durdana mung bean is the largest among other varieties, its average grain length is 6.29 mm, width 4.25 mm, thickness 3.96 mm. Seeds of varieties "Turan" and "Kahrabo" are of medium size, the average length of seeds is 5.85 mm and 5.58 mm, width is 4.25 and 4.16 mm, thickness is 3.68 mm and 3.96 mm. The smallest grain sizes belong to the Radost varieties, the sizes of which are determined at the level of 4.58 mm, 3.46 mm and 3.60 mm, respectively. According to studies, harvested mung beans contain about 11.1-11.4% other impurities, loose and broken seeds about 1.9-3.4% and must be separated before use or shipping. divided into fractions according to grain size.

The main task when using renewable energy sources in autonomous energy systems is optimization, the problem of identifying patterns in the choice of autonomous energy supply systems for agricultural facilities using renewable energy sources and on their basis increasing their energy efficiency. An effective tool for determining the areas of optimal use of various types of renewable energy is a systematic approach that allows for a comprehensive analysis of the object and strictly systematize research, as well as to carry out synthesis, i.e. to find a system optimal for given conditions.

This study examines the issues of identifying patterns of distribution of zones of optimal use of renewable energy sources (RES), as well as a method of system analysis that can be applied in determining the zones of optimal use of photovoltaic, wind energy, hydraulic and integrated power plants of autonomous energy supply of agro-industrial complex (AIC) facilities, as well as the issues of building optimal systems of autonomous energy supply to agro-industrial facilities using RES.

To determine the zones of optimal use of various types of renewable energy, a systematic approach is used, which allows for a comprehensive analysis of the object, strictly systematize research, and carries out synthesis, that is, the search for the optimal system under specified conditions. The level of functional and structural perfection of systems is taken into account, produced by evaluating their internal characteristics using a functional and structural approach using structural, functional and functional-structural descriptions of systems, each of which generates appropriate types of models.

Research on the choice of an optimal autonomous energy supply system using renewable energy sources is of practical importance, as it makes it possible to minimize errors in choosing types of renewable energy sources at the design stage.

The use of siderates will reduce the need for mineral fertilizers and protect the soil from loss of humus and destruction of the structure. The absence of combined machines for grinding and embedding siderates in the soil on the market of Kazakhstan predetermined the need to create a combined tool that ensures the quality of grinding and embedding siderates corresponding to agricultural requirements in dry and hard soils of the southern zone of Kazakhstan, as well as cost reduction due to the combination of technological process operations.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in the selection and justification of the parameters of the working bodies of the combined machine, which will provide a high degree of grinding of siderates to improve the quality of their embedding in the soil, loosening of solid (up to 2.5 MPa) and dry soil with at least 60% of siderates embedded to a depth of 20 cm.

    The test conditions of the tools were determined according to GOST 20915-2011.The functional performance of the tools were determined according to GOST 33687-2015 "Machines and tools for surface tillage. Test methods". Interstate Standard; The development of the optimal design and technological scheme of the tool was carried out on the basis of the analysis of technologies for the use of siderates, the selection of the type and justification of the parameters of the working bodies of the combined machine, the results of field tests of a mock-up sample of the mulcher and samples of tools with working bodies for loosening the soil and sealing siderates.Based on the research done, a design and technological scheme of the combined gun was developed, an experimental sample was made and its preliminary tests were carried out.

The article pays special attention to the issues of aerogravitation classification of grain products. Based on the analysis of existing grain cleaning machines, an installation for aerogravitation classification of grain products is proposed, which allows to increase the efficiency of separation of light impurities.

In a grain mixture containing from 5 to 10% of the weed impurity, mold fungi develop faster and 2-3 times more efficiently than with a 1% contamination, respiration rate increases 2-4 times compared to the initial one, the germination energy of such seeds decreases by 6-12%. Reducing the storage temperature to 18-19% only lengthens the time for the appearance of signs of deterioration in the quality of clogged grain. It is noted that the seeds of weeds are more likely and more strongly affected by mold fungi than the grains of the main crop.

The purpose of grain purification from impurities is to ensure the necessary grain quality. Improve the quality of seed grain; improve grain storage conditions; free the vehicle from transporting part of the garbage and, consequently, reduce the cost of transporting grain; ensure a significant reduction in the penetration of pests into grain stocks. To create more favorable drying conditions for cereals. Improvement of sanitary and hygienic working conditions.

The paper investigates the process of separation of light impurities from the grain mass. The results of the conducted research showed a high technological effect. In conclusion, the test results and dependencies obtained by production are presented.

The present article presents the value off bee products, including bee bread (pollen), for human activity, which contains a plethora of beneficial substances such as vitamins, amino acids, and enzymes, making it a valuable food and medicinal product. The processing technology off bee cells into bee bread and beeswax raw materials is considered, including the use of specialized equipment performing processes in six operations. The operations included in the considered technology are classified as preparatory, main, and final. The types of raw materials to be processed, such as pollen bee cells, to obtain bee bread in the form of granules, and wax, are discussed. The features of each technological operation and design of installations performing the raw materials processing process are described. To reduce energy consumption by equipment involved in the bee cell processing line, a device for centrifugal scarification of cells has been retrofitted. In the most energy-intensive operations, which operate for a long time, new drying devices consuming solar energy have been installed. The use of solar energy for bee bread processing equipment represents an efficient and environmentally sustainable solution in Kazakhstan due to the sufficient density of solar energy per unit surface area. Comparative assessment of electricity consumption in the existing and proposed technologies has shown the high efficiency of our own development.

The paper presents the theoretical basis for determining the radius of the impact surface and the flow thickness formed on the impact surface of a flat fan sprayer with a semicircular slot for the intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizers, its analysis using means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the results of experiments. The use of flat fan nozzles that form a spray band under the soil cavity and along the entire length of the tillage knife provides a highly efficient mixing process of liquid fertilizers with the treated soil (particles) and positively promotes plant maturation. Although the sprayer is designed to apply liquid mineral fertilizer into the soil, it is suitable for surface spraying, as well as for use with a point plow and other industrial purposes such as air humidification and fire prevention. Based on theoretical calculations, the applicable radius of the impact surface of the sprayer are in range of 2.5–4 mm. The effective radius is D_s = 2.5 mm. It was found that the flow thickness does not depend on the slot height (h), however it determines minimum value of h. It is recommended that the slot height be 2-3 times the flow thickness. A uniform atomization occurs only if a uniform flow thickness is ensured on the impact surface.

This scientific article is devoted to providing clean drinking water to agricultural facilities and the population, and is aimed at offering an optimal scientific and technical solution. An autonomous water supply system using solar energy, purifying and disinfecting water with ultraviolet rays is proposed. A special autonomous ultraviolet irradiator has been created to neutralize groundwater. Its main elements are an electromagnetic cleaner, an ultraviolet lamp and a soldering iron. For efficient use of solar energy, 3 different modes of the solar panel were tested, depending on the azimuth of the sun and the angle of its position relative to the horizon. At the same time, it was confirmed that the highest power is obtained in this azimuthal direction. To select the optimal dose of ultraviolet irradiation, the water was activated with coliphage MS-2, one of the most resistant microorganisms to disinfection. During the experiment, the melodies were identified. The minimum dose of 100% neutralization of water from the primary treatment of suspended particles with an electromagnetic cleaner is 111 MBt*s/cm². The dose of UV disinfection of raw water is 135 MW*s/cm². After the introduction of a model UV disinfection device, subsequent periodic studies of water samples confirmed the effectiveness and reliability of this autonomous groundwater treatment system.

Franchising is an effective tool for supporting entrepreneurship in rural regions, providing an opportunity for local entrepreneurs to launch and successfully run their own business with minimal risks. In this article, we will look at the specifics of using franchising in rural areas, identify the advantages of this model for business development and analyze the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in rural regions when implementing franchise projects. Franchising, as a business model, is an effective mechanism for the development of entrepreneurship not only in large cities, but also in rural regions. This article examines the role and importance of franchising as a tool to support entrepreneurship in rural areas.

The peculiarities of rural regions, such as limited access to resources and services, low level of infrastructure and limited opportunities for independent business, make franchising especially attractive for entrepreneurs in rural areas. It provides the opportunity to launch a business based on a ready-made template that includes a proven business model, training and support from the franchisor, as well as access to a wide audience of consumers thanks to a well-known brand. One of the main advantages of franchising for rural entrepreneurs is the opportunity to receive a ready-made business concept and support from the franchisor. This allows you to reduce risks when opening a new enterprise, gain access to proven business practices and a brand, which is especially important in conditions of limited resources and low competitiveness of rural areas.

Making an investment decision is an important stage for investors, entrepreneurs and companies seeking to optimize their investment portfolios and achieve financial goals. This article examines the main factors influencing the investment decision-making process. In particular, the economic, financial, political and social aspects that can influence the decision to invest in certain assets or projects are highlighted. In addition, methods of analysis and assessment of risks associated with investments are discussed, as well as portfolio management strategies to minimize potential losses and maximize income. Ultimately, the article is intended to help readers better understand the key aspects of investment decision-making and make informed investment decisions taking into account current economic and financial conditions.

Making an investment decision is a complex process that requires careful analysis of many factors. The main factors influencing the investment decision can be divided into several categories.

The first and perhaps the most important factor is the economic component. Economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation, unemployment, interest rates, etc. have a direct impact on investment decisions. For example, high inflation can reduce the real value of investments, while stable GDP growth can create a favorable environment for investment.

Financial factors also play an important role. This includes evaluating the financial performance of a company or project, such as return on investment, debt level, profitability, etc. Investors usually tend to choose investments with high return potential and low financial risks.

Strategic approaches to corporate governance play a key role in ensuring the economic security of organizations in the modern business environment. This article provides an overview of strategic approaches to corporate governance and their prospects in the context of ensuring economic security.

Initially, the essence of corporate governance is considered as a management system within an organization aimed at achieving strategic goals and protecting the interests of all stakeholders. Then strategic approaches are analyzed, such as creating value for shareholders, stakeholder management, risk management and strategic planning, and their impact on the formation of economic security of the enterprise.

Agriculture plays a key role in the economy of Kazakhstan, and its effectiveness directly affects the well-being of the population and the development of the country as a whole. In today's rapidly changing world, the introduction of innovative technologies is becoming necessary to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector. This abstract examines the role of innovation in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in Kazakhstan. Agriculture is an important sector of Kazakhstan's economy, determining not only the country's food security, but also its economic development. In today's rapidly changing world, it faces a number of challenges, such as changing climatic conditions, environmental threats, limited resources and competition in global markets. To effectively overcome these challenges, it is necessary to actively introduce innovative technologies in agriculture.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the role of innovation in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in Kazakhstan. At the beginning of the study, the current state of the country's agricultural sector is considered, its main problems and challenges are identified. Then, the importance of innovations in agriculture is analyzed in detail, their impact on increasing productivity, improving product quality, reducing costs and minimizing negative environmental impacts.

Agriculture plays a key role in the economy of Kazakhstan, and its effectiveness directly affects the well-being of the population and the development of the country as a whole. In today's rapidly changing world, the introduction of innovative technologies is becoming necessary to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector. This abstract examines the role of innovation in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in Kazakhstan. Agriculture is an important sector of Kazakhstan's economy, determining not only the country's food security, but also its economic development. In today's rapidly changing world, it faces a number of challenges, such as changing climatic conditions, environmental threats, limited resources and competition in global markets. To effectively overcome these challenges, it is necessary to actively introduce innovative technologies in agriculture.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the role of innovation in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in Kazakhstan. At the beginning of the study, the current state of the country's agricultural sector is considered, its main problems and challenges are identified. Then, the importance of innovations in agriculture is analyzed in detail, their impact on increasing productivity, improving product quality, reducing costs and minimizing negative environmental impacts.

Strategic approaches to corporate governance play a key role in ensuring the economic security of organizations in the modern business environment. This article provides an overview of strategic approaches to corporate governance and their prospects in the context of ensuring economic security.

Initially, the essence of corporate governance is considered as a management system within an organization aimed at achieving strategic goals and protecting the interests of all stakeholders. Then strategic approaches are analyzed, such as creating value for shareholders, stakeholder management, risk management and strategic planning, and their impact on the formation of economic security of the enterprise.

The article also examines the prospects for applying strategic approaches to corporate governance to ensure economic security. In particular, the possibilities of creating long-term value through effective asset and resource management, as well as strategic alignment of interests of all stakeholders of the organization are discussed. The importance of implementing a risk management system to minimize threats and maximize opportunities in today's dynamic environment is also emphasized.

Research shows that the modern economic environment is becoming increasingly complex and volatile, which requires companies to actively adapt behavior and strategic management. In this context, corporate governance plays an important role in ensuring the stability and sustainability of the business, as well as its protection from external and internal threats.

Personnel management in agricultural formations is a key aspect of the successful operation of agricultural enterprises in the modern world. This article provides an overview of the strategies, methods and challenges faced by HR managers in the agricultural industry. HR management strategies in agricultural formations include the development of comprehensive plans aimed at maximizing labor productivity, optimizing the use of resources and ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market. These strategies may include measures to motivate staff, develop leadership, and train and develop employees. The methods of personnel management in agricultural formations range from traditional approaches, such as wage systems and productivity assessment, to modern tools, such as the use of information technology to automate personnel management processes. Challenges of personnel management in agricultural formations.

The relevance of personnel management issues in agricultural formations continues to grow in the context of modern challenges and requirements. This article provides an overview of strategies, methods and problems related to personnel management in agricultural enterprises. The research is based on an analysis of academic and practical sources, including scientific articles, books and reports on agriculture.

The scientific article presents current issues and modern directions of investment development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The issues of the development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan at the last stage are provided by well-planned state programs, among which the main attention is paid to ensuring the availability of the sales market and the development of exports, the development of rural areas. However, the analysis revealed that currently there are many shortcomings in the investment development of the agro-industrial complex, the imperfection of market economic mechanisms in the activities of agricultural enterprises, insufficient commercial information, a large contribution to Investment financing is carried out only within the framework of state programs. From the statistical data, it was analyzed that agriculture has developed by 2-3 percent over the past 2-3 years, but this indicates that the situation with inflation of at least 7-8 percent for each year in the country remains uncertain.

The main reasons leading to a decrease in the share of investment financing of the agro-industrial complex in the country are: forced distribution of income for current consumption, a decrease in the role of depreciation, the lack of necessary monetary circulation, inefficient management of state support, inflation and other negative phenomena.

The authors propose ways to implement investment activities for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy in modern conditions. The scientific article suggests the development of strategies, the creation of investment policy mechanisms to improve the economic efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the country, the planning of directions with indicators that lead to economic efficiency in future years, as well as hard work, the optimization of investment activities through an effective depreciation policy, the establishment of systems and mechanisms of self-financing through the financial statements of agricultural enterprises.

Relaxation processes occur in bulk grain raw materials (wheat, corn, etc.) under mechanical influence. At the same time, the plastic properties of the material increase, which leads to a reduction in the load and energy spent on processing the product.

In practice, most of the stress decreases in a relatively short period of time (about 30 seconds), so the 1st stage of relaxation is important. Then, after a certain time, the grain was pressed again until it collapsed (point B).

As can be seen, the tensile strength of the test material in this case is less than the tensile strength achieved without taking into account the relaxation process. As a result, during the relaxation process, the strength of the grain product decreases.

The aim of the study is to study the relaxation properties of grain raw materials under mechanical influence. The calculations carried out showed that taking into account relaxation processes allows reducing the energy spent on the destruction of grain products by 20 to 30%.

The article presents the results of studies of stress relaxation of wheat grain, which are necessary for the calculation and design of highly efficient technological equipment for grinding and tableting a product based on grain raw materials.