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STOCK-RAISING AND VETERINARY

EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN

Ulzhan Rakhym 1 , Abilay Sansyzbay 1 , Yerlan Pazylov 2 , Maxat Berdikulov 2 , Gulzhan Mussayeva 2

1 NJSC "Kazakh National Agrarian Research University"; 2 National Veterinary Reference Center

doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/06 pp. 48-56 Admitted 29.08.2025 Published 30.12.2025

Abstract

This article comprehensively examines the anthrax epizootic situation in Kazakhstan over the past decade, its distribution patterns, and preventive measures. The study determined the incidence and geographic distribution of the disease in various regions of Kazakhstan. The study found that the main outbreaks were registered in the East Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Akmola, Karaganda, and Zhambyl regions. Since the pathogen spores persist in the soil for long periods in these regions, the risk of recurrence is high. On average, 8-15 new outbreaks were identified annually, with increases in incidence observed in 2016, 2018, and 2022. Anthrax occurs primarily in cattle (60-65%), but 20-25% of cases occur in sheep and goats, 10% in horses, and 5% in camels. Seasonally, the risk of disease transmission is highest in the summer and fall months, as grazing animals often come into contact with grass and soil contaminated with spores.

For prevention, routine vaccination is carried out annually, covering an average of 5-6 million head of cattle. However, in some regions, incomplete vaccination has led to new outbreaks. The study results showed that anthrax remains a pressing epizootic problem, requiring enhanced monitoring, improved laboratory diagnostics, full vaccination coverage, and enhanced veterinary control.

Anthrax Bacillus anthracis epizootic vaccination monitoring zoonotic infection spore

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

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Citation Links

[1]2025. EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler. 4 (108) (Dec. 2025), 48–56. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/06.
(1)EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler 2025, No. 4 (108), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/06.
EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN. (2025). Izdenister Natigeler, 4 (108), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/06
EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 4 (108), p. 48–56, 2025. DOI: 10.37884/4-2025/06. Disponível em: https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1099. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN”. 2025. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (108) (December): 48-56. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/06.
“EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN” (2025) Izdenister natigeler, (4 (108), pp. 48–56. doi:10.37884/4-2025/06.
[1]“EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (108), pp. 48–56, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.37884/4-2025/06.
“EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (108), Dec. 2025, pp. 48-56, https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/06.
“EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (108) (December 30, 2025): 48–56. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1099.
1.EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(4 (108):48-56. Available from: https://natsus.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1099
1.EPIZOOTIC MONITORING AND ANTHRAX CONTROL MEASURES IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler. 2025;(4 (108):48-56. doi:10.37884/4-2025/06